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loi nguoi bat ran

Tac gia: Lieu Tong Nguyen
Lieu Tong Nguyen (773─819): La mot trong “Duong Tong Bat Dai Van Gia”, (tam nha van lon thoi Duong, Tong: Han Du, Lieu Tong Nguyen, Au Duong Tu, To Tuan, To Thuc, To Triet, Vuong An Thach, Tang Cung). Tuoi nien thieu da noi tieng ky tai van chuong. Nam 20 tuoi do tien si, dong khoa voi Luu Vu Tich, duoc bo chuc Hieu thu lang. Nam 30 tuoi duoc te tuong bay gio la Vuong Thuc Van de y den van tai, cho thang chuc Le bo vien ngoai lang. Vuong Thuc Van y muon lien ket cac nhan tai trong trieu nhu Lieu Tong Nguyen, Luu Vu Tich, Lu On tien hanh cai cach trieu dinh, tru khu hoan quan dang long quyen. Chang may vua Duc Tong benh nang, nhuong ngoi cho em la Hien Tong; nhan do hoan quan khoi phuc quyen binh, Vuong Thuc Van cung dong ban bi biem trich di xa. Lieu Tong Nguyen bi giang lam Tu ma o Vinh Chau, tuc dia phan tinh Ho Nam hien nay. O day nhan thay dan chung kho so vi suu cao thue nang, lai co nguoi lieu minh di bat ran doc de duoc mien thue than, nen ong lam bai “Bo Xa Gia Thuyet” nay. Lieu Tong Nguyen o Vinh Chau duoc 10 nam; sau do, nam 815, duoc bo lam Thu su Lieu Chau. Ong mat o Lieu Chau vao nam 819. (Theo www.epochtimes.com).

捕蛇者說
Bo Xa Gia Thuyet

柳宗元
Lieu Tong Nguyen

永州之野產異蛇:
Vinh chau chi da san di xa:
黑質而白章,
Hac chat nhi bach chuong,
觸草木盡死;
Suc thao moc tan tu;
以齧人, 無禦之者.
Di khiet nhan vo ngu chi gia.
然得而腊之以為餌,
Nhien dac nhi lap chi di vi nhi,
可以已大風、攣踠、瘻癘,
Kha di di dai phong, loan uyen, lau le
去死肌,殺三蟲.
Khu tu co, sat tam trung.
其始太醫以王命聚之,
Ky thuy thai y di vuong menh tu chi,
歲賦其 二;
Tue phu nhi ky;
募有能捕之者,當其租入.
Mo huu nang bo chi gia, duong ky to nhap.
永之人爭奔走焉.
Vinh Chau chi nhan tranh bon tau yen.

有蔣氏者,專其利三世矣.
Huu Tuong thi gia, truyen ky loi tam the hi.
問之,則曰:
Van chi, tat viet:
“吾祖死於是, 吾父死於是,
“Ngo to tu u thi, ngo phu tu u thi.
今吾嗣為之十二年,幾死者數矣.”
Kim ngo tu vi chi thap nhi nien, co tu gia so hi.”
言之貌若甚戚者.
Ngon chi mao nhuoc tham thich gia.
余悲之,且曰:
Du bi chi, tha viet:
“若毒之乎? 余將告於蒞莅事者,
“Nhuoc doc chi ho? Du tuong cao u li su gia,
更若役,復若賦,則如何?”
Canh nhuoc dich, phuc nhuoc phu, tac ha nhu?
蔣氏大慼, 汪然出涕, 曰:
Tuong thi dai thich, uong nhien xuat the, viet:
“君將哀而生之乎?
“Quan tuong ai nhi sanh chi ho?
則吾斯役之不幸,
Tac ngo tu dich chi bat hanh,
未若復吾賦不幸之甚也.
Vi nhuoc phuc ngo phu bat hanh chi tham da.
嚮吾不為斯役,則久已病矣.
Huong ngo bat vi tu dich, tac cuu di benh hi.
自吾氏三世居是鄉,積於今六十歲矣.
Tu ngo thi tam the cu thi huong, tich u kim luc thap tue hi.
而鄉鄰之生日蹙,
Nhi huong lan chi sinh nhat tuc,
殫其地之出,竭其廬之入.
Dan ky dia chi xuat, kiet ky lu chi nhap.
號呼而轉徙, 餓渴而頓踣.
Hao ho nhi chuyen ti, nga khat nhi don phau.
觸風 雨, 犯寒暑,
Xuc phong vu, pham han thu,
呼噓毒癘, 往往而死者, 相藉也.
Ho hu doc le, vang vang nhi tu gia, tuong ta da.
曩與吾祖居者,
Nang du ngo to cu gia,
今其室十無一焉.
Kim ky that thap vo nhat yen.
與吾父居者,
Du ngo phu cu gia,
今其室十無二三焉.
Kim ky that thap vo nhi tam yen.
與吾居十二年者,
Du ngo cu thap nhi nien gia,
今其室十無四五焉.
Kim ky that thap vo tu ngu yen.
非死即徙爾,
Phi tu tac ti nhi
而吾以捕蛇獨存.
Nhi ngo di bo xa doc ton.
悍吏之來吾鄉,
Han lai chi lai ngo huong,
叫囂乎東西, 隳突乎南北;
Khieu hieu ho dong tay, huy dot ho nam bac.
譁然而駭者, 雖雞狗不得寧焉.
Hoa nhien nhi hai gia, tuy ke cau bat dac ninh yen.
吾恂恂而起,
Ngo tuan tuan nhi khoi,
視其缶, 而吾蛇尚存,
Thi ky phau, nhi ngo xa thuong ton,
則弛然臥.
Tac thi nhien ngoa.
謹食之, 時而獻 焉.
Can tu chi, thoi nhi hien yen.
退而甘食其土之有, 以盡吾齒.
Thoai nhi cam thuc ky tho chi huu, di tan ngo xi.
蓋一歲之犯死者二焉,
Cai nhat tue chi pham tu gia nhi yen,
其餘則熙熙而樂,
Ky du tac hi hi nhi lac,
豈若吾鄉鄰之旦旦有是哉.
Khoi nhuoc ngo huong lan chi dan dan huu thi tai.
今雖死于此,
Kim tuy tu vu thu,
比吾鄉鄰之死則已後矣,
Ti ngo huong lan chi tu tac di hau hi,
又安敢毒耶?”
Huu an cam toi da?”

余聞 而愈悲,
Ngo van nhi du bi,
孔子曰:“苛政猛於虎也!”
Khong Tu viet: “ Ha chinh manh u ho da!”
吾嘗疑乎是,
Ngo thuong nghi ho thi,
今以蔣氏觀之, 猶信.
Kim di Tuong thi quan chi, do tin.
嗚呼!孰知賦斂之毒,
O ho! Thuc tri phu liem chi doc,
有甚於是蛇者乎!
Huu tham u xa gia ho!
故為之說,
Co vi chi thuyet,
以俟夫觀人風者得焉.
Di si phu quan nhan phong gia thi dac yen.

Loi Nguoi Bat Ran.

Dong Vinh Chau co giong ran la,
Than den van trang,
Bo ngang cung lam heo co cay;
Can phai nguoi, vo phuong cuu chua.
Vay ma thit sa lam kho thi an nen thuoc,
Tru duoc dai phong, loan uyen, lau le.(1)
Cuu duoc benh hiem, diet duoc ung sang.
Truoc thai y phung mang thau liem,
Le moi nam trung nap hai lan,
Ken nguoi bat ran, cho mien thue than.
Dan Vinh Chau tranh nhau theo nghiep ay.

Co nha ho Tuong kia,
Nghe truyen da ba doi.
Hoi ra thi dap:
“Ong toi chet vi no, cha toi cung chet vi no.
Con toi noi nghiep ke da muoi hai nam,
Ma da may lan vao sanh ra tu.”
Dap loi ta ma mat chung dau don lam.
Ta chanh long moi bao:
“That doc lam thay,
Hay de ta rieng cao viec nguoi cung ty lai,
Bo suu dich, tro lai nap thue, nen chang?”
Ho Tuong hot hoang, nuoc mat rong rong:
“Ngai vi thuong toi ma muon cuu toi,
Dau viec suu dich co la dieu bat hanh,
Song bo suu ma nap thue thi toi cang bat hanh hon.
Neu khong bat ran, toi han khon don lau roi,
Nha toi ba doi o day ke da sau muoi nam.
Ma xom lang sinh nhai cung cuc,
Thue nang suu cao, vet dat bon nha chang du.
Cung nhau bo di, doi khat nga doc duong,
Doi mua gio, nhiem nong lanh,
Om thoi thop, noi nhau ma chet.
Truoc cung o voi ong toi,
Nay muoi nha khong con mot;
Cung o voi cha toi,
Nay muoi nha con chang duoc doi ba;
Cung o voi toi muoi hai nam truoc,
Nay muoi nha con chua duoc bon nam.
Neu khong chet cung bo di,
Chi co toi nho bat ran ma song den gio.
Ke lai du den lang,
Hach sach dau tren xom duoi, tra khao trong nha ngoai ngo.
Nguoi nguoi hot hai run so, den ga cho cung chang yen.
Toi ren ren se day,
He hu dom, thay ran van con,
Moi yen da di nam.
Can trong nuoi an, doi hoi dang nap.
Con minh thi cao boi dat vuon,
Duoc chi an nay, qua ngay cho het kiep.
The moi nam chi lieu chet hai lan,
Con ky du song hon ho yen vui,
Ha co nhu xom gieng ngay ngay chiu kho.
Nay co vi vay ma chet,
So voi nguoi cung con hau hi hon,
Sao lai cho la doc?"

Ta nghe ma bi thuong...
Khong Tu xua noi:
“Chinh tri ha khac doc hon ho du.”
Ta von thuong van ngo,
Nay, nhan chuyen ho Tuong ma tin.
Than oi!
The moi biet suu thue la doc,
So ra ran no chang bang.
Nay xin chep lai chuyen nay,
Mong nguoi xem xet dan tinh thay ra.

Truong Cung phong dich
_______________________
Chu thich:
1)Dai phong: thap khop; loan uyen: dong kinh; lau le: mach luon sinh mu.

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